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Abstract
The growing maturity of integrated photonic technology has enabled a new generation of photonic circuits that can be programmed in software for a wide variety of functions on a single chip through a mesh of waveguides, tunable beam couplers and optical phase shifters. We discuss the state of this emerging technology, with recent developments in building blocks, circuit architectures, electronic control and new programming strategies. We cover new applications in linear matrix operations, quantum information processing and microwave photonics, and how these generic chips can radically accelerate future photonic circuit development.
